A posição do agente da liberdade na ética V

The first axiom of the fifth part of Spinoza’s Ethics gives rise to the interpretation of the subject as a neutral spectator (Macherey) or as an empty subject (Bove). The analysis of the term “subject” shows that Descartes used to employ it as substance, in contrast to the Kantian subjectivity; but how can one explain its use by Spinoza? The comparison of this axiom with the use of “contrariety” in parts III and IV of the Ethics show us in which sense Spinoza employs the term “subject”.