Karl Marx's "Capital" and its creative application in the current context

Karl Marx’s “Capital” book series is a classic that profoundly analyzes the nature of capitalism, from the process of commodity production to the internal contradictions that lead to its inevitable collapse. In the context that Vietnam is building and perfecting a socialist-oriented market economy, the core principles from this book not only provide a theoretical foundation but also a practical orientation for innovation. This paper analyzes the logical structure and main content of the book, and explores how to apply key concepts such as surplus value, abstract labor, and the law of declining profit margins to the socio-economic reality of Vietnam. Through this, the article clarifies the role of Marxist theory in solving the problems of income inequality, economic crisis and sustainable development, affirming the scientificity and vitality of Marxism-Leninism in the specific conditions of Vietnam. The study emphasizes the need to continue to innovate to overcome the challenges of globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0.