O FALSO NÃO É O VERDADEIRO: O PROBLEMA DAS FAKE NEWS NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE À LUZ DO DIÁLOGO GÓRGIAS DE PLATÃO

The article aims to understand the theme of false news as a topic that gathers around itself, issues that are eminently ethical and epistemic, educational and political. Therefore, we used Plato's Gorgias dialogue, so that through its problematizations as the opposition between opinion and knowledge and between the discursive rationality of philosophy and sophistical rhetoric, it was then possible to problematize a contemporary topic from a classical philosophical contextualization. In this sense, it was evidenced that both rhetoric and fake news have the same purpose, that is, merely persuade, therefore, lead to believe without considering the distinction between simple opinion and knowledge. Likewise, the article presented a philosophical-educational perspective based on the complementary concepts of Paideia and Bildung as a possibility of facing the damage caused by fake news, thus demonstrating that the primary cause of the creation and propagation of fake news is, in fact, would originate from formative failures in the education of the human person. Thus, it is suggested that human training in a rational and ethical sense, conditioned on the acquisition of virtue or excellence (arete) in the soul (psyche), as well as training aimed at the person's self-development, are essential to attenuate, in a fruitful way, the untruths and injustices arising from false news that, undoubtedly, cause different damages to individuals, societies and democracies.