PERSPECTIVAS NATURALIZANTES DE NIETZSCHE EM ‘ALÉM DO BEM E DO MAL’

The title of this paper connects two words, which are often applied to Nietzsche's philosophy, but usually not simultaneously, since perspectivism and naturalism are often seen as alternative or even contradictory concepts. While perspectivism is associated with aesthetic, constructivist, Kantian if not relativist and postmodern readings of Nietzsche, the notion of naturalism brings him closer to science, empiricism and realism. Accordingly, many of those who ascribe versions of perspectivism to Nietzsche harbour reservations against naturalistic readings and vice versa. However, this paper argues that Nietzsche neither develops or defends 'naturalism' nor 'perspectivism' in the form of spelled out doctrines or theories. We should be reluctant to apply such apparently strict denominators to his philosophy, since they may well be fundamentally misleading. Moreover, such approaches tend to result in confirming preconceptions rather than generating new ideas. So regarding the question whether Nietzsche should be called a 'naturalist' it seems to me that evil severely outweighs necessity in this case. Nietzsche does not teach doctrines but exemplifies, tests and proposes certain philosophical practices. These philosophical practices contain of naturalistic and perspectival features. He invites his readers to adopt naturalist perspectives and he experimentally explores them in his practical contexts to pursue a certain project. Nietzsche's naturalizing accounts of mind, philosophy, and science, his apparent empiricism, sensualism, and materialism are always counterbalanced by critical epistemology.