Claude Lefort e a crítica de “A propósito da questão judaica” de Marx: dialética e ideologia

As the title indicates, this text aims at the critical considerations of Lefort — see the essay “Droits de l’homme et politique”, included in L’Invention Démocratique, les limites de la domination totalitaire — against the critique of the rights of man published in 1843, in the Franco-German Annals (journal founded by Marx with the publicist Arnold Ruge). After exposing the keys arguments of Marx and Lefort, the present writing goes through several ways. There is first an attempt to expose both series of arguments in a form strictly dialectical. There follows a more historical-structural version, which introduces considerations on the so-called “two liberalisms” (revolutionary and utilitarian). Then, we explore the philosophy underlying Marx’s article in the Annals… which takes a new theoretical-dialectical development, and then, historical, about the question of humanism and anti-humanism. After analysing some objections from both Marxists and liberals, addressed to Lefortian criticism, the author undertakes a critical evaluation on Lefort positions, which leads to the general problem of democracy and capitalism relationship, not only in Lefort but and beyond.