La estructuración jerárquica del cambio climático y la relación entre sus escalas-niveles

To a large extent, climate change has been structured hierarchically at local, regional and global scales-levels. However, the link between these scales-levels and the delimitation of each is far from trivial. In this paper we propose to analyze how climate change and its scales-levels are considered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and in two productive projects: forestry plantations in Chile and transgenic HB4 wheat. Both projects are shown to be in harmony with climate change mitigation and/or adaptation objectives but questioned for having environmentally harmful practices. In general terms, despite the multiple causes associated with climate change we show that, in both productive projects, carbon dioxide emission is presented as its only cause, and carbon management at the global level is proposed as the main strategy for mitigation and/or adaptation. On the other hand, regional and local scales-levels are less important in the public discourse of the IPCC and the companies associated with productive projects. For their part, elements specific to these latter scales-levels are highlighted by environmental criticisms of forestry and HB4 wheat, in dissonance with the advertised global benefits. We therefore argue that the environmental discourse of the companies requires a reductionist strategy in which local and regional scales-levels are reduced to the global scale-levels in order to appear environmentally friendly, while justifying and making local and regional environmental deterioration invisible.